Math

Select a grade from the list on the right for the description.

Through whole group, small group and individual activities, children are encouraged to explore, recognize, demonstrate and express mathematical ideas and relationships that occur in the physical world. The use of manipulatives and print materials guide children from these early concrete explorations to abstract mathematical thinking. Children develop an appreciation of the value and use of mathematics as well as the problem solving skills of reasoning, estimating, and communicating. During the middle years, mastery of basic number operations and “hands-on algebra” allows children to encounter increasingly complex mathematical structures. In the later years, mathematical learning is spiraled to ensure confidence and proficiency not only in arithmetic, but also in pattering, functions, geometry, measurement, probability, statistics, data analysis and logic. Pre-algebra and algebra 1 courses are available to Upper School students.

Kindergarten

Concepts are developed through the use of hands-on materials and activities.

  • Counting to 100 by 1’s, 5’s and 10’s. Count by 2’s to 16
  • Representing numbers in concrete and abstract forms – visualizing numbers
  • Exploring and producing patterns
  • Representing and reading data – graphing
  • 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional shapes
  • Measuring – arbitrary and standard units of measure
  • Telling Time – introduction
  • Money – recognition of coins, counting money
  • Calendar – seasons, months, days of week
  • Weight – introduction
  • Estimation – introduction

Grade 1

Patterns
  • Linear, surrounding and symmetrical patterns in a grid
  • Numbers in a 100 chart
Number Sense
  • Identify, read and write numbers 1-500
  • Basic addition and subtraction facts to 10
  • Understand math symbols ( +, -, =, <, > )
  • Estimate numbers and quantity
  • Count by 1s, 2s. 5s. 10s,
Collecting and Making Sense of Data
  • Measurement – inches, feet, centimeters
  • Time – hour, half-hour, 1/4 hour, sequencing time and events
  • Money – names and values of coins, making change
  • Coordinates on grids, graphs
Geometry and Spatial Sense
  • Attribute blocks
  • Designs and Patterns on geoboards
  • Simple fractions
  • Mapping – NSEW
Problem Solving

Grade 2

Patterns
  • Linear and surrounding patterns, symmetry
Number Sense
  • Numbers from 0 – 1,000
  • Addition and subtraction facts through 18
  • Place value, ones, tens, hundreds
  • Addition and subtraction with regrouping
  • Fractions as a part of a whole
  • Multiplication as it relates to addition
  • Estimation
Collecting and Making Sense our of Data
  • Money – value of groups of pennies, nickels, dimes, quarters
  • Time – whole, half and quarter hour; elapsed time
  • Measurement – length, weight, volume (cooking), measuring estimation
  • Coordinates on grids, graphs
Geometry and Spatial Sense
  • Length, width, area
  • Tables, charts, graphs
  • Mapping
  • Geometric shapes – identification
Problem Solving
  • Alternative solutions to problems

Grade 3

Number Sense
  • Sets and set theory
  • Place value, ones, tens, hundreds, thousands
  • Addition and subtraction with regrouping
  • Fractions
  • Estimation
  • Computation
    • Addition, subtraction – carrying and borrowing
    • Multiplication, division – memorization of facts
    • Multiplication with larger numbers
    • Division with remainders
Collecting and Making Sense our of Data
  • Money
  • Time
  • Measurement
  • Coordinates on grids, graphs
Geometry
  • Perimeter, area, volume
Problem Solving

Grade 4

Number Sense
  • Numeration, base-ten arithmetic and estimation
  • Place value, ones, tens, hundreds, thousands
  • Computation
    • Addition, subtraction review
    • Multiplication, division
  • Approximation
  • Estimation
  • Averaging
  • Algebra – hands-on
    • Using letters for missing numbers
    • Parenthesis – need and use
    • functions
Collecting and Making Sense our of Data
  • Money – fractions, decimals, consumer math
  • Measurement –length, weight, time, volume, temperature, quantity
  • Charts and Graphs – interpretation
Geometry – shapes, perimeters, area, volume
  • Angles
  • Lines
  • Symmetry
Probability
Word Problems

Grade 5

Number Sense
  • Rounding numbers to nearest ten, hundred, thousand
  • Place value through billions
  • Computation
    • Addition, subtraction through 6 digits
    • Multiplication of three digit numbers
    • Division with 2-digit divisor, 5-digit dividend
    • Recall basic multiplication, division facts
    • Least common multiple
  • Fractions
    • Equivalent fractions, comparison of fractions
    • Ratios written as fractions
    • Mixed fraction – add, subtract, multiply
    • Fractions as percents, percents as fractions
  • Decimals
    • Written decimals to thousandths
    • Decimals – add, subtract, multiply
Collecting and Making Sense our of Data
  • Range and mean

Geometry

  • Lines, segments, angles, rays, identification of shapes by properties, circumference, perimeter
Probability
Word Problems

Grade 6

Standard Group
  • Sets – language and theory
  • Place value – review
  • Addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of whole numbers, decimals, and fractions
  • Order of operations
  • Properties, variables, equations
  • Powers and exponents
  • Divisibility rules, multiples and factors
  • Prime and composite numbers
  • Ratios and proportions
  • Percentages – introduction
Accelerated Group
  • Sets, set theory, number lines, Venn Diagrams
  • Metrics – equivalents, measuring, estimating
  • Expanded notation, and other number bases
  • Review of Roman Numerals and exploration of other numbering systems
  • Number Theory – divisibility rules, factor trees
  • Negative Numbers – introduction
    • Computing integers, negative decimals, negative fractions
  • Exponents
  • Percentage
  • Radicals and irrational numbers
  • Trigonometry of right triangles
  • Statistics and Probability – introduction

Grade 7

Pre-Algebra – Standard Group
  • Geometry/Spatial Thinking – points, lines, planes, angle relationships and parallel lines, polygons, congruence, circles, symmetry
  • Area – parallelograms, triangles, trapezoids, circles
  • Algebraic expressions and integers – variables and expressions, order of operations, evaluating expressions, integers and absolute value, computing with integers, inductive reasoning, introduction to the coordinate plane
  • Solving one step equations and inequalities – properties of numbers, simplifying variable expressions, variables and equations, solving equations by adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing, solving equations and inequalities, graphing solutions and inequalities
  • Decimals and equations – rounding and estimating, estimating decimal products and quotients, mean, median, and mode, using formulas, solving equations involving decimals
  • Factors, fractions and Exponents – divisibility and factors, exponents, prime factorization and the greatest common factor, simplifying fractions, rational numbers, exponents and multiplication / division, scientific notation.
  • Operations with fractions – comparing and ordering fractions, fractions and decimals, operations with fractions, solving equations with fractions, powers of products, and quotients
Accelerated Group
  • Language of algebra and basic postulates
  • Solving equations with one variable
  • Solving inequalities in one variable
  • Absolute value equations
  • Graphing linear equations
  • Systems of sentences
  • Rules of exponents
  • Operations with polynomials and factoring
  • Rational number operations
  • Operations with radicals
  • Quadratic functions and equations

Grade 8

Standard Group
  • Tools of Algebra – variables, exponents, order of operations, real numbers, the distributive property, properties of real numbers, the coordinate plane, graphing calculator/data/statistical analysis
  • Solving Equations – one, two and multi-step equations, equations with variables on both sides, formulas, measures of central tendency
  • Solving Inequalities – inequalities and their graphs, solving multi-step inequalities, compound inequalities, absolute value equations and inequalities
  • Solving and Applying Proportions – ratio and proportion, similar figures, percent equations, percent of change, ratios and probability, probability of compound events
  • Graphs and Their Functions – Relating graphs to events, relations and functions, function rules, tables and graphs, writing a function rule, direct variation
  • Linear Equations – rate of change and slope, slope-intercept, standard and point-slope forms of equations, writing linear equations, parallel and perpendicular lines, graphing absolute value equations.
  • Systems of Equations and Inequalities – solving systems by graphing, substitution and elimination, application of linear systems, linear inequalities and systems of linear inequalities
Accelerated Group
  • Metrics, measuring and reporting
  • Solving equations in one variable
  • Solving inequalities in one variable
  • Absolute value equations
  • Graphing linear equations
  • Systems of sentences
  • Rules of exponents
  • Operations with polynomials and factoring
  • Rational number operations
  • Operations with radicals
  • Quadratic functions and equations

Grade Level